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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that affects millions of women worldwide. Characterised by menstrual irregularities, metabolic disturbances, and dermatological concerns, the condition presents significant health challenges. However, timely intervention, lifestyle modifications, and medical support enable women to manage PCOS effectively and lead fulfilling lives.
Understanding symptoms The symptoms of PCOS vary among individuals, making early diagnosis essential. The most common manifestations include menstrual irregularities, such as unpredictable, heavy, or absent periods. Metabolic disturbances, often linked to insulin resistance, contribute to unexplained weight gain and difficulty in managing weight.
Dermatological concerns, including excessive facial hair, persistent acne, and hair thinning, are also commonly reported. Symptoms usually emerge during adolescence or early adulthood, and diagnosis is typically confirmed when at least two of three criteria are met: irregular menstrual cycles, elevated androgen levels detected through blood tests or physical symptoms, or the presence of ovarian cysts identified via ultrasound. In certain cases, additional effects such as infertility or dark patches on the skin, known as acanthosis nigricans , indicate metabolic concerns that warrant medical attention.
Early diagnosis and treatment Addressing PCOS at an early stage can significantly improve long-term health outcomes. Managing insulin resistance through dietary modifications and physical activity is crucial in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular health also benefits from a nutrient-rich diet and regular exercise, which aid in managing hypertension and cholesterol levels.
For those seeking to conceive, lifestyle modifications alone often improve fertility, though medical assistance may be required in some instances. While lifestyle adjustments remain the foundation of PCOS management, medical interventions offer additional support. A modest weight reduction, even as little as five to 10 % of body weight, has been shown to restore ovulatory function and alleviate symptoms.
Pharmacological treatments, including ovulation-inducing medications assist in stimulating egg release, while insulin-sensitising drugs help regulate blood sugar levels and restore menstrual regularity. Advanced treatment options In more complex cases, advanced therapeutic options such as ovarian drilling , a minimally invasive laparoscopic procedure, can enhance ovulation. Assisted reproductive techniques, including intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) , offer viable solutions for those facing fertility challenges.
Meanwhile, emerging treatments, including targeted hormonal therapies and specialised nutritional supplements, continue to show promise in improving ovarian function and overall symptom management. With increasing awareness and advancements in treatment, individuals with PCOS can take charge of their health, make informed choices, and improve overall well-being. (Dr.
Shruthi Sreedhar is a consultant, obstetrics and gynaecology, Kauvery Hospital, Alwarpet, Chennai. [email protected]) Published - February 19, 2025 01:18 pm IST Copy link Email Facebook Twitter Telegram LinkedIn WhatsApp Reddit health / reproduction.
